Study on the Impact of Sand Quality on the Mechanical Properties of Sandcrete Blocks

Abstract

This research was carried out to establish the suitability of white laterite in sandcrete blocks production. White laterite “white sand” was collected from six major sand dredging sites in Isoko district of Nigeria. Physical characteristics (porosity and particle size grading) of the sand were measured in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) procedures. Two batches of sandcrete blocks were made using distinct cement-to-sand mix proportions: labeled as formula 1 (with a ratio of 1:8) and formula 2 (with a ratio of 1:10). The sand physical tests results revealed that the sand has a lot of fine-grained particles, while and their porosity varied from 34.9% to 41.1%. Regarding the strength characteristics of the blocks, the results revealed that blocks produced using “formula 1” exhibited compressive strengths ranging from 1.37 MPa to 2.23 MPa. Conversely, blocks made with “formula 2” demonstrated compressive strengths ranging from 1.17 MPa to 1.96 MPa.  Significantly, neither of the sandcrete blocks, irrespective of the cement-sand mix ratio, met the approved Nigeria Industrial Standard (NIS) recommended compressive strengths for sandcrete blocks. The standard specifies 3.45 MPa for load-bearing walls and 2.5 MPa for non-load-bearing walls. The inadequate mechanical strength of sandcrete blocks manufactured from "white sand" presents a significant challenge to the building industry. Addressing this issue is crucial for preventing building collapses in the region.