Antibiogram Comparative Analysis of Multi-Drug Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Infections in a Tertiary Hospital

Abstract

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) strains have become a global health threat. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens (urine and wound) collected from 60 patients attending Federal Medical Center, Yenagoa, Nigeria. A total of 60 specimens were analyzed by culture, Gram staining and biochemical tests. The bacterial isolates were tested against ten commonly used antibiotics using antibiotic disc diffusion method. Plasmid profile analysis was done on the multidrug resistant isolates. Out of the sixty specimens, thirty-five (35) isolates were obtained with the percentage occurrence of Klebsiella pneumoniae (45.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (54.3%). The precentage frequency distribution of the bacterial isolates from wound was 17(48.6%) comprising Klebsiella pneumoniae with 7(20%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 10(28.6%). While for urine; 18(51.4%) with Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa having 9(25.7%) respectively. The highest number of isolates was obtained in urine with 18(51.4%). Most of the organisms were relatively sensitive to gentamycin, augmentin, ciprofloxacin and tarivid while resistant to reflacine, streptomycin, ceporex, nalidixic acid and augmentin. The plasmid profile analysis revealed the presence of multiple plasmid band only in P. aeruginosa at a molecular weight of 9498bp while absence for Klebsiella pneumoniae. The elevated resistance level of Klebsiella pneumoniae could be a sign of self-medication or usage of antibiotics inappropriately, which should be discouraged in order to curtail the menace of antibiotic resistance.