A Comprehensive Review of Alternative Fuels for Automobiles: Benefits, Challenges and Future Direction

Abstract

There is an increase in research to encourage the usage of alternative fuels in automobiles due to the depletion of oil sources and certain environmental concerns. Some fuel sources will stand out in this regard with particular benefits, while others will not. Choosing the alternative fuel source that is best for automobiles in the present environment is essential, and understanding the characteristics of various forms of energy is also very essential for recommending an alternative fuel. In this paper, a comprehensive review is carried out on existing literature on the benefits, drawbacks, environmental impact, effects on human health, availability, and economic implications of alternative fuels. This was to determine the fuel that is most cost effective for use in automobiles. The alternative energy sources for vehicles considered are LPG, CNG, hydrogen, biodiesel, methanol.  The study reveals that hydrogen is most expensive alternative fuel, followed by biodiesel, methanol, ethanol, compressed air, natural gas, propane, and electricity. The cost of hydrogen is due to the high cost of producing it, as it requires a lot of energy. The study concludes that while there is no one-size-fits-all solution, a combination of alternative fuels can provide a path towards reducing dependence on fossil fuels and mitigating the negative impacts of transportation on the environment. The research highlights the need for investment in research and development and supportive policies and infrastructure, to accelerate the transition towards a cleaner and more sustainable transportation sector.