Gendered Adaptation Strategies Among Sahelian Pastoralists Facing Climate and Pandemic Shocks in Northern Nigeria

Abstract

Pastoralist communities in Nigeria’s Sahel region are increasingly vulnerable to the compounded effects of climate change and public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores gender-specific adaptation strategies in Bauchi and Gombe States, using a transformative mixed-methods approach involving 3,041 respondents. Quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews were conducted to assess the socioeconomic impacts of climate stressors and pandemic-induced disruptions on pastoral livelihoods. Findings reveal high levels of climate change awareness (>90%) but persistent livelihood losses, particularly in farming and livestock production. Statistical analysis using chi-square tests identified significant gender differences in coping mechanisms: women engaged more in premature harvesting and livelihood diversification, while men relied on sharecropping and outmigration. These results show a disproportionate adaptive burden on female pastoralists and underscore the need for gender-sensitive policy frameworks. The study recommends stronger investment in local climate adaptation, inclusive decision-making, and targeted support for women in pastoral systems.