Geochemical Assessment of Obajana Marble for its Industrial Applications

Abstract

This study aims to assess the potential of Obajana marble as a raw material in the production of cement and other industrial applications by evaluating its mineralogical and chemical composition. Five samples from Obajana were analyzed using energy dispersive XENEMETRIX XRF and Rigaku Mininflex XRD to ascertain its mineralogical and chemical composition respectively. The tests explored the applicability of marble as a replacement for limestone in clinker formation which reduces the environmental impact of cement production while maintaining comparable chemical and mechanical properties; the incorporation of marble powder as a Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM) and utilization in metal production have enhanced workability, durability, and strength, contributing to reduced clinker consumption and carbon emissions. The presence of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃: 91.99 %), calcium oxide (CaO: 92.42%), silica (SiO₂: 1.38–5.65 %), alumina (Al₂O₃: 1.50–3.82%), and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃: 0.29%) in Obajana marble supports its role in clinker formation by promoting cementitious compound development and function as a fluxing agent in pyrometallurgical processes in metal smelting. The high CaCO₃ and minor SiO₂, and Al₂O₃ content, enables Obajana marble serve as a cost-effective filler, improving packing density, microstructure, and mechanical properties of concrete. The findings underscore the potential suitability of Obajana marble in promoting resource efficiency, circular economy principles, and sustainable building materials. With a high CaO content of 92.93% and minimal impurities such as SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃, the marble meets key chemical criteria for use in cement and lime production. Its low MgO and Fe₂O₃ levels further suggest suitability for white cement and high-grade construction materials. The trace elements present are within acceptable industrial limits, reinforcing its potential for eco-friendly and versatile applications. This research provides valuable insights into the role of Obajana marble in advancing sustainable construction practices and reducing dependency on imported raw materials by integrating detailed geochemical characterization of Obajana marble with its industrial suitability for cement and construction material production and application.