Investigation of the Geotechnical Properties and Chemical Oxide Composition of Sub-Soils at Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, for Infrastructural Development

Abstract

Infrastructural failures remain a major concern in developing regions due to poor soil conditions, substandard materials, and inadequate construction practices. This study investigates the geotechnical and chemical properties of subsoils at Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria, to provide insights that can help mitigate structural failures. Soil samples from three depths (9, 12, and 15 m) at three strategic locations were analyzed using ASTM-approved methods. The findings indicate that sampling depth significantly affects soil behavior, with particle size grading classifying the soils as A-2-6 and A-2-4 (AASHTO). The chemical composition confirmed non-lateritic soil characteristics, while Atterberg limits revealed zero plasticity (PL = 0%). The subsoil's Maximum Dry Density (1.95–2.51 g/cm³), Optimum Moisture Content (10.03–13.00%), and California Bearing Ratio (11.92–19.19%) suggest moderate load-bearing capacity. The angle of internal friction (16.33°–25.33°) and cohesive strength (0.76–0.93 kN/m²) further highlight variations in the soil’s stability strength. These findings are critical for foundation design and construction planning, ensuring long-term structural integrity in the region. Additionally, this study’s outcomes mitigate infrastructural failures problems, and provide a framework for safe and sustainable high-rise buildings and pavement construction.