A Comprehensive Review of Stirling Engine Technology for Balancing Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Sources

Abstract

The integration of renewable and non-renewable energy sources has become a crucial aspect of
modern energy systems, and Stirling engines have the potential to play a key role due to their
ability to operate with various thermal sources. This paper provides a comprehensive review of
Stirling engine technology, focusing on the technical advancements, challenges, and applications
of the technology in hybrid energy systems. Additionally, the paper explores predictive models
for Stirling engine performance and addresses the paradoxical phenomenon of the classical
Schmidt Isothermal Model, which has been a longstanding challenge in accurately predicting
engine efficiency. Insights are provided for future research and technological innovations in this
field.