Geophysical and Hydrogeological Assessment and Characterization of Limestone Aquifers for Sustainable Groundwater Resource Management: A Case Study in Gada L.G.A. Sokoto State, Nigeria

Abstract

The aim of this study is to conduct a geophysical survey at Gidan Fako to determine the optimal borehole location, drilling depth, drilling method, and estimate the anticipated water yield. The survey employed the Half-Schlumberger array of electrical resistivity method and utilized the SSR resistivity meter for data collection. The collected data was interpreted using the IPI2WIN software, enabling a comprehensive analysis of the subsurface characteristics. The results of the lithological log analysis indicated the presence of limestone aquifers at various depths, including intervals of 25m, 70m, 130m, and 140m. Considering the moderate anticipated water yield, the MUD drilling method was selected as the most suitable technique for the drilling operation. The MUD drilling method offers advantages such as efficient removal of cuttings, improved stability of the borehole, and reduced risk of contamination. The outcomes of this study have significant implications for the local community, as the provision of a reliable water supply source is of utmost importance. Additionally, the study findings will serve as a valuable resource for future hydrogeological investigations in the region, aiding in the development of sustainable water management strategies. Based on the interpreted results, it is recommended to drill the borehole to a depth ranging from 150 to 160 meters to ensure optimal water extraction from the identified aquifer zones. The geophysical survey provides valuable insights for water resource planning, fostering sustainability and informed decision-making.