The Impact of Fossil fuels and Agricultural Wastes Used as Energy Mix on Cement Production: Using Particle Swarm Optimization model

Abstract

Co-processing from industrial generated waste has been used in
the Ordinary Portland cement production companies. In-depth
examination of the effects of using conventional fuel (mineral
coal, pet-coke, heavy oil, and natural gas) and agricultural waste
is presented in this research, along with prospects for employing
both for the optimization of cement production (sugar waste and
ground nut shell). This mixture is meant to be used in a dry
process rotary kiln for producing clinker. Particle Swarm
Optimization was the optimization model employed (PSO). The
results gotten from the (PSO) analyses help in calculating the
substitution levels of the primary fuels with alternative fuel mixes
derived from agricultural wastes ( husk, rice, ground nut shell
and sugar wastes), with was considered to have lower pollutants
level such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and sulphur etc.
The end product's (cement) specific surface area changed from
0.35 cm2
/g to 0.38 cm2
/g, resulting in a modest increase in energy
consumption, longer clinker grinding time, a decrease in
production output, and a faster rate of wear part inside the mills
and its auxiliaries.